Bobbio Abbey, Italië

Bobbio Abbey, Italië

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Saint Columbanus stig die klooster en biblioteek in Bobbio

In 614 stig Saint Columbanus die Abbazia di San Colombano in Bobbio, in die provinsie Piacenza in die Emilia-Romagna-streek van Italië. Bobbio het beroemd geword as 'n sentrum van weerstand teen Arianisme, en die abdijbiblioteek, gestig deur Columbanus met manuskripte wat hy uit Ierland gebring het en verhandelinge wat hy persoonlik geskryf het, het een van die grootste biblioteke van die Middeleeue geword.

"Baie boeke in sy biblioteek is ouer as die klooster, en dit toon aan dat Bobbio baie boeke tweedehands ontvang het. Ek verwys veral na die afskrifte van Cyprianus, die Bybelse kodeks. k van Afrikaanse oorsprong, die Medici Virgil, die baie ou grammatikale manuskripte, en veral die klassieke tekste wat in palimpseste begrawe lê "(Bischoff, Manuskripte en biblioteke in die tyd van Karel die Grote [2007] 9).

In die negende eeu het Saint Dungal sy biblioteek aan die abdij nagelaat. Dit bevat ongeveer sewentig volumes, waaronder die beroemde 'Antiphonary of Bangor'.

In 982 het Gerbert van Aurillac (later pous Sylvester II) abt van Bobbio geword, en met behulp van talle antieke verhandelinge wat hy daar gevind het, sy gevierde werk oor meetkunde saamgestel. Dit blyk dat sekere Griekse monnike by Bobbio Aristoteles en Demosthenes in die oorspronklike Grieks gelees het toe Grieks in Wes -Europa amper onbekend was.

"'N Tiende-eeuse katalogus, uitgegee deur Muratori, toon aan dat in daardie tydperk elke tak van kennis, goddelik en menslik, in hierdie biblioteek verteenwoordig is. Baie van die boeke het verlore gegaan, die res is lankal versprei en word steeds gereken onder die belangrikste skatte van die latere versamelings wat hulle besit.

"In 1616 neem kardinaal Federico Borromeo in die Ambrosian Library of Milan ses-en-tagtig bundels in, insluitend die beroemde" Bobbio Missal ", geskryf omstreeks 911, die Antifoon van Bangor en die palimpseste van Ulfilas se Gotiese weergawe van die Bybel. volumes is in 1618 aan pous Paulus V gegee vir die Vatikaanbiblioteek. Baie ander is na Turyn gestuur, waar daar, behalwe dié in die koninklike argief, een-en-sewentig in die universiteitsbiblioteek was tot die rampspoedige brand van 26 Januarie 1904 " (Wikipedia-artikel oor Bobbio Abbey, geraadpleeg op 12-03-2008).

& diams Umberto Eco het die ligging van sy roman van 1980-83 gebaseer Die naam van die roos, met sy labirintiese biblioteek, op die abdij by Bobbio.


[Emilia Romagna Villages] Bobbio: 'n stad van film en legende

Hierdie klein middeleeuse stad is 'n reisgenot, 'n fees van antieke legendes en moderne bioskoop in die hartjie van die High Val Trebbia, deur niemand anders nie as Ernest Hemingway 'die' mooiste vallei ter wêreld 'genoem. Die stad het die kulturele en natuurlike eienskappe om lidmaatskap van beide die Vereniging van die Mooiste Dorpe in Italië en die Oranje Vlagvereniging te verdien.

Die oorsprong van Bobbio is 'n raaisel. Die geskiedenis is nou verweef met die beroemde St Columban's Abbey en die legendariese Duiwelsbrug. Die stad is verdeel tussen vier streke, 'n toevlugsoord vir liefhebbers van kultuur, natuur en sport. Kortom, 'n stukkie magie.

Om Bobbio te besoek, is soos om terug te gaan in die Middeleeue, om die aansien en glans wat hierdie plek eens geniet het, te herleef. Deur die geloof en versiendheid van 'n Ierse monnik, St Columban, het hierdie afgeleë hoek van die Apennyne die polsende hart van die Middeleeuse godsdienstige kultuur in Europa geword. Dit was eintlik rondom die abdy dat die stad langs die kant eers gegroei het. Die abdij het 'n groot kloosterkompleks geword, 'n kultuurbaken op gelyke voet met Montecassino. Dit huisves die antieke scriptorium en die biblioteek wat Umberto Eco se "The name of the rose" geïnspireer het.

Die bekendste van die vele legendes rondom Devil's Bridge sê dat Satan dit in 'n enkele nag gebou het en dit op die rug van sy bakkies ondersteun het, in ruil vir die siel van die eerste wese wat dit sou oorsteek, net sodat St Columban hom kon bespot deur sy getroue beer te stuur. Die middeleeuse stad vorm 'n pragtige omgewing vir die jaarlikse Bobbio-filmfees, die arcades van Piazza Duomo is 'n wonderlike plek vir 'n koffie voor die fliek, en die geplaveide strate word daarna aangelê om te verken. Nadat ek 'n paar jaar gelede besoek het tydens 'n naweek in Brugnello, kan ek dit aanbeveel vir almal wat op soek is na 'n heerlike plek vir 'n kort pouse van die daaglikse gemors.

Geskiedenis

Die naam van die stad kom van "saltus Boielis", Die Latynse weergawe van die Kelties-Liguriese naam (Boiel) vir die nabygeleë Mount Penice en die stroom wat daarvandaan afloop. In die 4de eeu het die Romeine 'n strategiese basis hier op die westelike oewer van die Trebbia -rivier gevestig om die soutpad na die Bisantynse hoofstad Genua langs die Val Trebbia te beheer. In 614 het die kluisenaarsmonnik Columban uit Ierland aangekom en 'n Benediktynse klooster gestig op die grond wat hy deur Lombard King Agilulf en koningin Theodolinda gegee is. Die klooster het in belang gegroei, selfs sy eie bisdom verkry totdat Napoleon dit in 1803 onderdruk het. Die abdij was deel van die Pavia -provinsie tot 1923, toe dit onder beheer van Piacenza was.

Wat om te sien

'N Natuurlike beginpunt is die ikoniese Duiwelsbrug, een van die interessantste strukture in die streek. Dit is moontlik van Romeinse oorsprong, hoewel dit beslis in die Longobard -periode bestaan ​​het, want daar was eens soutpanne en 'n oond daarbuite. Die 11 verskillende boë wat oor die Trebbia -rivier marsjeer, is almal van klip, met 'n paar opknappings en barok -opbou. Terwyl u die eksentrieke lyne van die brug inneem, kan u ook die stad en die omgewing van die verre af bewonder.

Spring dan na die plek wat Bobbio se naam gemaak het: die abdij. Dit is gestig deur die Benediktynse monnik St Columban, en is oorspronklik gebou waar die kasteel nou staan ​​en is in die 9de eeu deur abt Agilulf na die huidige plek verskuif. Die huidige basiliek is in die 15de en 16de eeu oor die Proto-Romaanse gebou. Die twee opvallendste kenmerke is die graf van die heilige Columban in die grafkelder en die oorspronklike mosaïekvloer van die basiliek van Agilulf, 'n ware gebedstapyt vir die getroue, wat Bybelse tonele en die maande van die jaar uitbeeld. Dit is baie 'n plek van diepe vrede. Gaan vanaf Piazza San Colombano na die kasteel Malaspina-Dal Verme uit die 14de eeu, waarvan die indrukwekkende vierkantige hek die stad oorheers. Vandaar na die biskopstoring, 'n middeleeuse oorblyfsel.

Maak seker dat u die klein spilpunt van die stad, die Piazza Duomo, en die katedraal Santa Maria Assunta, waarvan die fasade dateer uit 1463, besoek, terwyl die twee sytorings oorspronklik uit 1075 is. Die binnekant is in 'n mengsel van style uit die neo- Goties-Bisantynse van die gange tot by die 14de-eeuse fresko's. Die Abbey Museum, op die plek van die antieke scriptorium, dompel jou in die wêrelde van die Romeine, Longobards en Karolingers, met uitstallings oor die klooster en die stad.

Die 13de-eeuse Franciskaanse klooster met sy 16de-eeuse klooster, die koningin Theodolinda-paleis, Ocelli-molen, die Palazzo Brugnatelli uit die 13de eeu en die antieke stad San Giuseppe met sy klipgeboue uit die 1100's is alles wat u moet verken. En moenie vertrek sonder om die Heiligdom van Our Lady of Aid te besoek nie, 'n barokkerk met 'n skip wat in 1640 by die oorspronklike 15de-eeuse struktuur aangebring is.

Wat om te doen

Lente
- Stap ten minste die eerste fase van die Abbots 'Way.
- Besoek die Veleia Romana argeologiese terrein of die Streekpark van Stirone en Piacenziano.
Somer
- Neem 'n verfrissende duik in die helder water van die rivier die Trebbia en sonbaai op die baie rustige klein strande.
- Verken die Upper Val Trebbia te voet, per fiets, per vlot of te perd.
Herfs
- Gaan jag vir sampioene, truffels en kastaiings, en geniet die verskillende feeste wat daaraan gewy is.
- Besoek die etnografiese museum van die Trebbia -vallei in Callegari en die kastele van die vallei.
Winter
- Penice Pass: Die vreugdes van 'n dag in die sneeu kan tot in die aand duur, met dank aan die uitstekende beligtingstelsel.
-Langlauf op die 7,5-, 5-, 3- of 2-km-roetes in die oord Vallette.

Gebeurtenisse

Bobbio Film Festival - Kyk watter film die Gobbo d'Oro -prys sal wen by hierdie gesogte geleentheid in die sjarmante klooster van die Abbey.
Die Slakfees en Kersmark, Desember - Geniet die speletjies en kindervermaak deur die lewendige stalletjies wat Kersgeskenke langs die strate verkoop en probeer die beroemde Bobbio -slakke, 'n spesiale kersfees -spesialiteit, in die restaurante.

Kos en wyn

In Val Trebbia is altyd goeie tradisionele plaaslike kos op die spyskaart. Probeer die wors voorgereg met 3 BOB -produkte (spek, salami en coppa of varkhals), 'n drietal eerste kursusse in die vorm van Bobbio -maccheroni, malfatti (klein gnocchi gebak met ricotta en chard) en dennepitte met ricotta, 'n stut van tweede gang met Bobbio -slakke en brachettone ( 'n varkskouersalami bedien met polenta of peulgewasse). Alles natuurlik afgespoel met een van die meer as 20 DOC Colli Piacentini -wyne. En die amandel bros mandjies vir afters is ook nogal iets. As u tussen die winkels in die ou stad blaai, vind u 'n verskeidenheid plaaslike salami, truffels en porcini -sampioene wat u huis toe kan neem.

Bekende karakters

St Columban - Die stigter van die Abdij is onlangs deur Pous Benedictus XVI 'n heilige gemaak. Columban was 'n ware Europeër en erken die kulturele eenheid van die kontinent deur die uitdrukking "in heel Europa" in Latyn "totius Europae" te bedink. Hy is ook die beskermheilige van motorfietsryers, en motorfietsryers is inderdaad gereeld besoekers aan die stad.
Marco Bellocchio - Die kunstenaar van Piacenza was een van Italië se bekendste filmmakers en filmprodusente. Hy het die Farecinema -laboratorium in 1995 geskep, wat teen 2005 tot die Bobbio -filmfees ontwikkel het.

Pelgrimspaadjies en staproetes

Die eerste fase in Emilia-Romagna van die Abbots 'Way begin in Bobbio.

Pelgrims langs die Via Francigena – Bobbio

Monumentale bome

Natuurliefhebbers sal hierdie pragtige ou bome geniet:
- Die plataan in St Francis Square, Bobbio
- Die eikebome in Cascina Stavello, Vaccarezza, Bobbio

Die afdeling [Emilia Romagna Villages] is toegewy aan dorpe wat deel uitmaak van die Associations Borghi più belli d'Italia, Bandiere Arancioni del Touring Club en Borghi autentici d'Italia.


Ontdek die dorpie Bobbio, 'n juweel in Emilia Romagna

Bobbio is 'n Italiaanse stad met 3.544 inwoners in die provinsie Piacenza, in die Trebbia-vallei, in Emilia-Romagna. Die gebied, bewoon sedert die Neolithicum met Kelto-Liguriese nedersettings, het in 14 vC Romeins geword en in die 4de eeu is die versterkte dorp Castrum Bobium gevorm, maar die geskiedenis daarvan is identies aan die van die Abdij van San Colombano wat in 614 gestig is.

Gedurende die Middeleeue het dit 'n politieke, godsdienstige en kulturele rol van Europese betekenis gehad, en sy koninklike en keiserlike feodale besittings, sedert die Lombardiese en Karolingiese eeue, wissel in groot dele van Sentraal- en Noord -Italië. Op 14 Februarie 1014 het dit die stad geword, wat bisdom geword het, bisdom, biskoplike graafskap, munisipaliteit en omringende mure wat eers onafhanklik was as keiserlike regering, 'n kort hakie as heerskappy van die Malaspina, daarna onder die hertogdom Milaan as die outonome keiserlike graafskap van die Dal Verme, en uiteindelik in die Koninkryk Sardinië onder die Savoye. Dit was 'n gratis gemeente vanaf die begin van die XII eeu en het met die Lombard League teen Barbarossa in Legnano geveg. Genoese provinsie tot die eenwording van Italië, tot 1923 was dit deel van die provinsie Pavia, en het daarna oorgegaan na die provinsie Piacenza. Dit was 'n bisdom tot 1986.

Die stad is die tuiste van die nuwe Unie van Munisipaliteite: die Trebbia en Luretta Valleys Mountain Union. Dit is 'n toeristebestemming wat bekend is vir sy verlede van kuns en kultuur. Die historiese sentrum het die kenmerke van die middeleeuse dorp behou. Die simbool van die stad is die Ponte Gobbo (of Ponte del Diavolo), 'n klipbrug van Romeinse oorsprong, wat die rivier Trebbia met 11 onreëlmatige boë oorsteek. Dit oorheers die heiligdom Santa Maria in Monte Penice, wat op die top van die gelyknamige berg geleë is.

Die geskiedenis van hierdie klein sentrum gaan verlore in die newel van tyd, in werklikheid is die gebied sedert die prehistoriese tyd bewoon, maar word 'n belangrike sentrum vanaf die Romeinse kolonisasie wanneer die gedeelte van die brug wat nou bekend staan ​​as die Ponte Gobbo, gebou word , om in die vroeë Middeleeue een van die belangrikste sentrums van die Westerse monastiek te word. Trouens, net in Bobbio het die Ierse monnik San Colombano 'n klooster gestig wat in 'n kort tyd een van die belangrikste en mees gesogte biblioteke van die hele Christendom ontwikkel het en waar sommige van die oudste en waardevolste Latynse manuskripte in die geskiedenis vandag nog bewaar word.

Bobbio is 'n klein dorpie, maar die digtheid van kuns en kultuur wat u vind, is iets unieks en u sal verlief raak op die geplaveide strate en baksteengeboue van hierdie middeleeuse stad.

Bobbio is perfek om in elke seisoen van die jaar te besoek: in die winter word die stad dikwels deur sneeu afgewit, en bied 'n magiese en fassinerende atmosfeer in die lente en somer, die weelderige natuur van die Apennyne gee hul beste deur 'n vars toevlug te bied teen die hitte van die Po -vallei, herfs, gee uiteindelik die bosse in die stad 'n ongelooflike verskeidenheid kleure, wat wissel van koperagtig tot rooi vir panoramas wat asemrowend is.

Laat ons die wonders van hierdie pragtige middeleeuse dorpie in detail sien!

Ponte Gobbo

Ponte Gobbo (ook Ponte Vecchio of Ponte del Diavolo genoem) is 'n ou brug met 'n onreëlmatige profiel wat die Trebbia -rivier in Bobbio in die provinsie Piacenza oorsteek en die simbool van Bobbio is.

Ponte Vecchio di Bobbio, 273 meter lank, is Ponte Gobbo genoem vir die spesifieke onreëlmatige profiel met 11 ongelyke boë tussen hulle en op verskillende hoogtes geplaas.

Hierdie brug, van Romeinse oorsprong, word gevorm deur 11 lang onreëlmatige boë wat 'n oorspronklike en suggestiewe voorkoms gee, wat ook die oorsprong van die legendes oor die naam is. Daar word trouens gesê dat die brug met hierdie aspek deur die duiwel self gebou is om die monnike van die klooster van San Colombano bang te maak en te verhoed dat hulle die rivier oorsteek.

Daar is drie pare heiligdomme of kruise bo die hoofspanne. In die twee bo die hoofboog (genoem della Spessa) is daar twee standbeelde wat San Colombano en die Madonna dell ’Aiuto voorstel.

Die konstruksietydperk van die Ponte Vecchio, genoem hunchback vir die onreëlmatigheid en die bult van die boë, kan nie gedateer word nie, maar dateer uit die Romeinse tyd en daar kan aanvaar word dat dit ontstaan ​​het na die Romeinse verowering van die destydse Liguries-Keltiese dorp dit het in die daaropvolgende eeue talle herverwerkings ondergaan.

Spore van 'n ouer brug hieronder is gevind wat as hoog Middeleeus beskou kan word, voor die aankoms van San Colombano. Die gebou hierbo dateer uit die sewende eeu. In die Bobiense Historical Archives is daar 'n dokument van 6 April 1196 wat getuig van die instandhouding van die brug.

Vir die vestiging van Bobbio was dit noodsaaklik om 'n veilige verbinding te hê met die verskillende aktiwiteite op die regteroewer van die Trebbia: die termiese soutpanne, die Romeinse en Longobard -bad, die oond van die Rio Gambado en die pad wat met die Genoese en die Lunigiana (waar die Bobbiese klooster talle besittings gehad het). As gevolg van die stormagtige natuur, het die Trebbia skielike en verwoestende vloede met gereelde beweging van die gruisbed, wat veral in die wintermaande problematies maak.

Tot in die 16de eeu bestaan ​​die brug uit 'n paar boë, 'n groot boog op die regteroewer van die Trebbia met drie kleiner boë. Die vloede van die rivier deur die jare het verskeie wonde aan die klipbrug toegedien, wat altyd geduldig herbou is, selfs met aansienlike aanpassings om die veiligheid en robuustheid daarvan te verbeter.

Rond 1590 het dit begin verleng na die linkeroewer, ontwerp deur die meester Magnano uit Parma, gedurende die sewentiende eeu het die brug elf boë gehad.

Die brug was eeue lank 'n bestemming vir pelgrims en godsdienstige optogte met seëninge met die bou van kruise en stembeelde naby die oewers (vandag is sommige nog steeds sigbaar).

Abdij van San Colombano

Die abdij van San Colombano is een van die belangrikste kloostersentrums in Europa, die laaste wat in 614 deur San Colombano in Bobbio, in die provinsie Piacenza, in Italië gestig is. Onderhewig aan sy monastieke heerskappy en die orde van San Colombano, het hy 'n Benediktyn geword in die negende eeu.

Die abdij gedurende die Middeleeue was een van die belangrikste kloostersentrums in Europa. Die hele kompleks bestaan ​​uit die basiliek, die klooster, die tuine, die selle en die scriptorium.

Op die oomblik is die basiliek 'n gemeente van die pastorie van Bobbio, Alta Val Trebbia, Aveto en Oltre Penice van die bisdom Piacenza-Bobbio. Dit styg in die middel van die stad, wat mettertyd gevorm is rondom die groot gebied wat deur die klooster beset is.

Gedurende die Middeleeue was die abdij een van die belangrikste kloostersentrums in Europa, wat dit tussen die sewende en twaalfde eeu 'n Montecassino in Noord -Italië maak, en dit is in werklikheid beroemd gemaak deur die Scriptorium, waarvan die katalogus in 982 meer as 700 ingesluit het kodeks en wat na verspreiding in ander biblioteke 25 van die 150 oudste manuskripte van die Latynse letterkunde ter wêreld bewaar het.

Dit word die abdij van die kloosterorde waarvan die mag in Europa uitgebrei het danksy talle abdye en kloosters wat sedert die Lombardiese era deur sy monnike gestig is. In die noorde van Italië is die monastieke heerskappy van Bobbio vinnig geskep, dan vervang deur die “ biskoplike graafskap Bobbio ”.

Die huidige abdykompleks dateer dus tot aan die einde van die 15de-vroeë 16de eeu: slegs gedeeltelik is die struktuur van die antieke proto-Romaanse basiliek bewaar, waarvan 'n kort gedeelte van die sirkelvormige apsis, deel van die kloktoring en 'n gedeelte van die pragtige mosaïekvloer slegs die oppervlakte van die refektore van die 11de -eeuse klooster, wat nou deur die Stadsmuseum beset word.

In die Napoleontiese era is die abdij onderdruk en baie van sy bates, insluitend die kosbare kodes, is op 'n veiling aangebied.

Vandag word die oorblyfsels van die ou erfenis van die Bobbiense -kodes bewaar in verskillende biblioteke: die Ambrosiaanse biblioteek van Milaan, die Vatikaanbiblioteek van Rome, die nasionale biblioteek van Turyn en ander.

Die klooster en die gang van die abdij is elke dag oop tot 20 in die winter en 22 in die somer.

Godsdienstige dienste word daar slegs op vakansiedae gehou. Die jaarlikse fees is 23 November, die fees van die beskermheilige van Bobbio.

Vandag is die stadsmuseum die tuiste van die Abbey.

Malaspina -kasteel

Die Malaspina Dal Verme di Bobbio -kasteel is 'n versterkte struktuur wat bestaan ​​uit verskeie geboue wat binne die klipmure omring is. Die fort is toeganklik vanaf twee ingange, albei in die noorde.

Die ingangsportaal lei na die “Sala delle Marine ” en na 'n sitkamer met 'n groot klipkaggel wat die arms van die Dal Verme -familie oorheers. Op die muur langs die trap wat na die boonste verdiepings lei, is daar 'n losstaande fresco, verwys na die 16de eeu, wat 'n Madonna en kind uitbeeld.

In 1360 skenk Galeazzo Visconti die Malaspina-kasteel van Verme aan sy skoondogter Isabella van Frankryk, vrou van haar seun Gian Galeazzo. Ons sal tot 1436 moet wag om die gang van die kasteel tussen die bates van die Dal Verme -tellings te sien.

Die huidige struktuur van die kasteel is blykbaar te wyte aan die wil van een van sy afstammelinge, Pietro Dal Verme, wat in die middel van die vyftiende eeu ingegryp het.

Die transformasie van die ou, sober herenhuis tot 'n elegante woning, wat die bronne uit 1545 dateer, is te danke aan Gian Maria Dal Verme self. 'N Groot werksveldtog behoort terug te gaan na die middel en effens verder as die sestiende eeu. Trouens, die vlakverskil tussen die huidige toegang en die steunoppervlak van die skerp muur, ongeveer 3 meter hoog, kan daarop dui dat sommige kamers wat nie meer lewensvatbaar was nie, oorspronklik op die grondvloer was.

In 1973 is ingrypings uitgevoer wat die heropbou van al die pleisters, die vloere, die dak, die konsolidasie van die strukture en 'n deel van die trap behels het. Die Malaspina dal Verme di Bobbio-kasteel is 'n bate in staatsbesit wat regstreeks deur die Superintendency bestuur word vir argitektoniese en landskapserfenis vir die provinsies Parma en Piacenza.

Vandag kan die kasteel besoek word deur die toring vanwaar u 'n asemrowende uitsig oor die Val Trebbia kan bewonder.

Museum van die Stad

Die Stadsmuseum, geleë in die voormalige refterium, kombuis, wasbak en kelder van die San Colombano -klooster, bied 'n inleidende pad na die geskiedenis van die abdij en die stad Bobbio. Die omgewing, met multimedia -audiovisuele werkstasies, behandel kwessies wat verband hou met die lewe van San Colombano, die aktiwiteite van die Scriptorium, die geskiedenis van monastiek en vertel die belangrikste stadiums wat die geskiedenis van die stad kenmerk het.

Benewens die herstel van die kloosters se oudste kamers vir openbare gebruik, spoor die Stadsmuseum ook die geskiedenis van een van die belangrikste kultuur- en spiritualiteitsentrums in die Middeleeuse Europa voor en berei hy hom voor op 'n besoek aan die abdij en die stad Bobbio.

Die museumuitleg, wat bestaan ​​uit deursigtige uitstallings, waarin die kwessies rakende die lewe en werk van San Colombano aangespreek word, die geopolitieke situasie van Longobard Italië en die aktiwiteite van die beroemde Scriptorium is oorgedra na die kloostergang.

Bo die ingangsportaal is daar 'n waarskuwing vir die heerskappy van San Colombano: Ne quid nimis (niks te veel nie, geen oormaat nie) wat die monnike daaraan herinner het dat hulle parke in die rigting van voedsel was. Aan die bokant van die portaal is daar twee apotropaïese koppe, een oorspronklik uit die XIII eeu, die ander teenoorgestelde in kopie.

Die eerste afdeling is gewy aan die lewe en werke van San Colombano, verhoudings met die Lombard -hof en bande met Ierland, terwyl die abdijkompleks in die tweede kamer beskryf word vanuit 'n argitektoniese oogpunt en die aktiwiteit van die scriptorium wat hy gemaak het Bobbio, die grootste sentrum vir die verspreiding van kultuur in Noord -Italië.

Binne kan u 'n wonderlike terracotta -versiering uit die 12de eeu bewonder, die merkwaardige byna ongeskonde vloer en 'n fresco uit die 15de eeu wat die kruisiging met San Colombano en San Benedetto uitbeeld.

Die museumuitleg is onlangs hernu: dit is moontlik om 'n inleidende video oor die stad Bobbio te geniet in 'n meeslepende omgewing.

Katedraal van Bobbio

Die katedraal van Bobbio of mede-katedraal van Santa Maria Assunta, is 'n parochiekerk van Bobbio in die provinsie Piacenza, katedraal tot 1986 van die bisdom Bobbio, daarna, tot 1989, mede-katedraal van die aartsbisdom Genua-Bobbio, nou mede-katedraal van die bisdom. Piacenza-Bobbio en setel van die pastorie van Bobbio, Alta Val Trebbia, Aveto en Oltre Penice.

Dit styg in die middel van die stedelike weefsel van die stad, wat bietjie vir bietjie gevorm het rondom die uitgestrekte gebied tussen die abdij van San Colombano en die Piazza del Duomo: dit is die middeleeuse dorpie, wat vandag die ingeboude dorp genoem word. historiese sentrum, wat die oorspronklike naam van Bobium behou het.

Dit het 'n moderne versiering in die drie nawe en 'n agtiende-eeuse in die ring en in die koepel van die transept. In die kapel van San Giovanni, wat vanaf die regterkant bereik kan word, kan u 'n wonderlike fresko uit die tweede helfte van die vyftiende eeu, wat die aankondiging uitbeeld, bewonder.

Benewens die katedraalkerk, bestaan ​​die kompleks van die katedraal uit verskillende geboue, die biskoplike paleis met die bisdommuseum van die katedraal, die tuine en die oratorium, en die ou kweekskool wat vandag die historiese argiewe van Bobiense huisves met die sewentiende-eeuse klooster.

Aangrensend aan die katedraal is daar die 11de -eeuse biskopspaleis met die katedraalmuseum.

Die uitstalling loop deur tien kamers met werke wat die geskiedenis van die bisdom Bobbio, die biskoplike paleis en die katedraal illustreer. Die ingangsportaal vertel die verhaal van die bisdom deur middel van kaarte, dokumente en getuienisse van die laaste biskop mev. Pietro Zuccarino. Die volgende kamer, op wie se mure u die groot fresko met portrette van die biskoppe van Bobbio kan bewonder, huisves pastorale en biskoplike kledingstukke. In die derde kamer word die skat van die katedraal blootgestel, bestaande uit houtsnywerk, silwerware en weefsels.

Die reisplan bevat die fresko-kamer (kamer IV), wat 'n muurskildery uit die agtiende eeu bevat wat die aanbidding van die towenaars uitbeeld, die kamer van die argief (kamer V) wat die oorspronklike houtmeubels ongeskonde bewaar en die kapel van die biskop met 'n skildery deur Domenico Buonviso van 1624 (VI kamer). Getuienis van die algemene geloof is die relikwieë wat in die aangrensende kamer (VII -kamer) vertoon word, terwyl die laaste kamers onderskeidelik toegewy is aan meubels uit die gemeentes van die bisdom (VIII -kamer) en beeldende werke (IX -kamer). Die toer eindig met 'n kamer opgedra aan Sant ’Antonio Maria Gianelli met dokumente en sinodale handelinge wat aan hom behoort het (X kamer).

Die katedraal is elke dag oop met deurlopende ure.

Klooster van San Francesco

Die klooster van San Francesco is saam met sy kerk 'n voormalige kerklike gebou in Bobbio in die provinsie Piacenza.

Dit staan ​​naby die gehuggie Corgnate (ant. Codognarum), eens buite die middelpunt van die stedelike weefsel van die stad, net soos vir die heiligdom van die Madonna dell ’Aiuto: dit is die middeleeuse dorpie “extrinsic village ”, volgende na die historiese sentrum van vandag, wat die oorspronklike naam van “Bobium ” behou het.

Die fasade van die kerk maak oop in die gelyknamige Piazza San Francesco, langs die toerismekantoor en die nuwe openbare parkeerplek.

Die klooster van San Francesco en die kerk is omstreeks 1230 gebou, die bou sou eintlik begin het op 'n grond wat deur die monnike van San Colombano geskenk is aan dieselfde San Francesco wat na Bobbio gekom het om vrede te maak in een van die talle geskille wat ontstaan ​​het tussen die abt van die klooster en die biskop van Bobbio, oor die antieke kloostergrondtoekennings.

In 'n dokument van 1756 word die eertydse bestaan ​​van 'n kerk en 'n klein klooster met 'n selhuis waar Saint Francis self beset het, genoem. Wat sonder presiese historiese dokumentasie tradisioneel onthou word as die “-deurgang van Sint Franciscus van Assisi na Bobbio ”, kan minder verbeeldingryk wees, gegewe die werklike vervulling van 'n reis deur die heilige na Noord-Italië tussen 1210-12.

Die werke eindig in 1233 en Bobbio is die oudste Franciskaanse nedersetting in die noorde van Italië, gebou in 'n stad met 'n enorme kloosterroem en 'n bestemming vir pelgrimstogte langs die Via Francigena en die Via degli Abati. In 1436 sal die klooster Santa Chiara, nou die munisipale setel, en die hospitaal van San Lazzaro wat in 1472 verwoes is, ook in die Fransiskaanse stad opstaan.

Die kloosterkompleks is omring deur magtige mure wat in 1800 na die onderdrukking van die klooster gesloop is

In die 15de eeu het die klooster, wat tot nou toe onafhanklik gebly het, oorgedra na die gemeente van die minderjarige broeders van Bologna.

In 1710 het die kerk beduidende veranderinge ondergaan en is dit weer in 1722 ingewy.

In 1783 was daar die deur na die minderjarige broeders van Turyn.

Die kloostergebou is in 1802 deur die Napoleons beset, nadat die Franciskaanse monnike verdryf is, het die kerk aansienlike veranderings ondergaan om 'n pakhuis te word.

Daarna het die Marquis Malaspina die hele kompleks bekom deur dit op te knap.

Die klooster van die vyftiende eeu is suggestief, aan drie kante ondersteun deur hurkpilare wat vier spanne aan elke kant ondersteun, bedek met kruisgewelwe, waarbo 'n loggia met 'n houtdak met kolomme met middeleeuse hoofstede.

Daar is tans 'n privaat argitektoniese herstelprojek vir die kloostergedeelte, terwyl die kerk deur die eienaars aan die munisipaliteit geskenk is. Vir die kerk is daar tans 'n projek van argitektoniese herstel en transformasie in 'n stadsaal.

Heiligdom van Santa Maria in Monte Penice

Die antieke heiligdom van Santa Maria in Monte Penice is geleë op die top van Mount Penice op 1,460 m. Dit is opgedra aan die Madonna en dateer uit 'n primitiewe sewende -eeuse gebou wat daarna verskeie kere vergroot is. Op 'n besonder panoramiese punt, vanaf die plein, kan u nie net 'n wye uitsig hê op die Trebbia-vallei en die Staffora-vallei nie, maar ook op die hele Emilia- en Pavia-gebied en op sekere dae is selfs die sneeubedekte Alpe sigbaar.

Die top van Mount Penice kan bereik word deur middel van 'n pad van ongeveer 4 km, wat van die Penice-pas klim tot 1149 m. Die ligging kan ook bereik word via die Val Tidone via die voormalige staatsweg 412 van die Val Tidone (Castel San Giovanni-Romagnese-Passo Penice).

Die oorsprong daarvan gaan deur die eeue verlore. Historiese bronne getuig dat die Madonna op hierdie hoogtepunt al meer as 1350 jaar vereer word vir 'n belofte wat die heilige Colombanus in die sewende eeu aan die koningin van die Lombards Theodolinda gemaak het. Van die Lombardse heersers het die Ierse sendelingheilige die gebied waarop hy die abdij van San Colombano gestig het in 614. Dit blyk dat die gebou op 'n Kelties-Liguriese heidense tempel gebou is.

In werklikheid is 'n artefak uit die I-II eeu gevind, wat nou in Genua in die kasteel van Montegalletto bewaar is. Die artefak is 'n bronsbeeld van 96 mm wat 'n priester uitbeeld wat 'n heidense godheid aanbied.

In 622 het die Lombardiese koning Adaloaldo, wat by sy vader Agilulfo oorgeneem het, saam met sy ma Teodolinda wat na Bobbio gekom het om die graf van Colombano te besoek, gebid na die top van die berg Penice, voordat hy na die stad gegaan het.

In die 11de eeu bestaan ​​die heiligdom reeds in sy huidige grootte. Die kerk het die antieke titel van Moeder van God wat later Santa Maria in Monte Penice geword het of meer algemeen Madonna del Penice ”.

In 1073 is die oorspronklike gebou hernu, en ander restourasiewerk dateer uit 1619

Die heiligdom het eeue lank tot die begin van die negentiende eeu behoort tot die talle besittings van die klooster van San Colombano, saam met die gemeentes van San Cristoforo, Dezza en Ceci, toe dit oorgegaan het tot die bisdom Bobbio wat die belangrikste mariaanse kultusentrum geword het van die gebied.

In the early 1900s the front porch was built (a postcard owned by the Diocesan historical archive Piacenza – Bobbio dated 1904 still shows the church without a portico), while the statue of the Redeemer was placed on October 14, 1900 the new bell tower was built in 1967. On September 12, 1927 the 3 km carriage road that leads to the summit from the Penice pass was completed.

The stone building has undergone several renovations. In recent years it has been completely renovated: on the outside you can admire the exposed stone, inside the structure has recently returned to its original splendor. New the altar and the ambo. The sacristy was also recovered and the premises used for the public were redone. Inside the building you can admire the precious wooden statue of the Virgin with the Child on her lap which dates back to the period between the end of the 1500s and the beginning of the 1600s. Also worthy of note is the statue of San Bartolomeo, original from the 18th century .

In 2009, by the rector Don Angiolino Bulla, the interior of the church was decorated with precious oriental icons.

The summit of the mountain and the sanctuary are the destination of numerous excursions both on foot and on horseback, once but also to this day they were processions of pilgrims. There is also an ancient, largely dirt track that climbs from Bobbio called the medieval path to the Sanctuary of Monte Penice.


Bobbio

Bobbio is situated on the left bank of river Trebbia, in an area rich in water and settlements since the Neolithic era.

The numerous finds testify the presence of various populations: Ligurians, Celts and after 14 B.C. the Romans.
The nucleus of Bobium rose in 14 B.C. but its history is inextricably linked to the one of the Abbey of San Colombano founded by the cenobite monk Columbanus who reached it in 614 when it received this territory as a gift from the Langobard King Agilulf.

It was a donation of great political significance as Bobbio controlled the great caravan route, the salt road, that from Piacenza, along the Valtrebbia reaches Genoa - a cornerstone of the Byzantines. In Bobbio, Columbanus found only a small-dilapidated church, dedicated to Saint Peter, and decided to restore it. The convent rapidly became populated: already in 643 it counted 150 monks. The first houses inhabited by citizens rose around it.

The Abbey of Bobbio, with its schools, its library, his Scriptorium and its economic organization, quickly became a political power too. Bobbio possessed goods in Valtrebbia, Val Staffora, Val Tidone, val d'Aveto, in the Liguria region, Monferrato and the Langhe, and arrived also at the gates of Turin, around Lake Garda, from Salò to Bardolino, on the Lakes of Mantua, in Piacenza, Ravenna, Genoa, Lucca and Pavia. A rich feud in which the manorial system reached its perfection.

The area, on which the inhabited part develops, is bordered by the River Trebbia and dominated by the Sanctuary of Madonna del Penice, which is located on the namesake mountain. The heart of the village has maintained the medieval architecture perfectly intact.
The symbol of the village is Ponte Gobbo (or the Devil&rsquos bridge), entirely built in stone in Roman times, with a particular profile consisting of 11 irregular arches. The bridge connects the village to the other side of the river and from it, with a brief and suggestive walk on its 'bumps', you can admire the profile of the village, the Monte Penice and the territory surrounding the Trebbia.

In the shops of the old town centre, you can find many typical products of the area, from local wines to jams or organic honey produced by local companies. But also a wide choice of local meats or sweets and bakery products such as tasty salty donuts or the famous almond cake, or even the fragrant porcini mushrooms picked on the surrounding mountains and the truffles. Instead, for those who are looking for a handicraft souvenir in Contrada dell&rsquoOspedale you will find the workshops of carpenters and local artists where you can find artefacts or paintings depicting picturesque corners of the city.

In addition to being rich in art and culture, Bobbio boasts a long series of typical local dishes (that represent the culinary tradition of Piacenza) that have been handed down from many generations, and represent another typical feature of the socio-cultural melting pot that benefited from during the centuries. You should taste the maccheroni alla bobbiese, fresh pasta handmade by using a knitting needle dressed with a stew sauce. The snails alla bobbiese, traditional Christmas Eve dish that you can often find in the winter period and the delicious brittle made with almonds and sugar with which the skilled hands of local producers know how to make surprising shapes. And also pine nuts with ricotta or pìn (in dialect pé da lésa: slide foot, for the typical shape), green gnocchetti with ricotta cheese, traditionally served with a mushroom sauce brachettone alla bobbiese (bràcton, a stuffed pig&rsquos trotter made with pork shoulder, pickled or aged).

Village of Bobbio
Municipality of Bobbio
Province of Piacenza
Emilia-Romagna Region

Inhabitants: 3.577
Surface area: 106.53 sq. Km
Altitude center: 272 m a.s.l.

The Municipality is part of:
I Borghi più belli d'Italia

Erkennings
Orange Flag - Italian Touring Club

Municipality of Bobbio
Piazza San Francesco - 29022 Bobbio PC
phone +39 0523962815

Patronal feast
San Colombano - November 23rd


Abbey of Bobbio: photos, description Abbazia di San Colombano)

The Abbey of Bobbio, is also known as San Colombano, was founded by the Irish Holy Columbanus in 614, the year. Around it soon sprang up the town of Bobbio, province of Piacenza in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna). In his time the Abbey was known as a center of resistance to Arianism, and also because of its huge library. It is here that the unfolding events of the legendary novel by Umberto Eco "the name of the rose".

In 590, the year the Lombards king Agilulf married a Catholic Theodelinda and under her influence, and with the participation of the Holy Columban, made the decision about the transition to Christianity. For the sacrament of Agilulf gave Columbano ruined Church and devastated the earth in the town of Abovian Holy asked it is a remote and secluded place to live alone. Near the small Church of San Pietro was soon built a monastery, which after the death colombana had to go through a period of violent resistance to Arianism current in the Christian faith, asserted the supremacy of the Lord-the Son (in the middle of the 7th century). Thanks to the efforts of local monks, every year more and more of the Lombards-ariantsev converted to Catholicism. The fame of the Abbey had reached the shores of Ireland, and the reputation colombana and founded brainchild has attracted in Italy many of his followers. Only in 1803, the year the Abbey of Bobbio was abolished during the reign of Napoleon.

The current Basilica of San Colombano was built in 1456-1530, respectively, in the Renaissance style. It holds the baptismal font in the 9th century. The Central nave is decorated with frescoes of the artist of the 16th century Bernardino Lanzani, and installed in the crypt the sarcophagus with the relics of St. Columban and the first two abbots. Here, in the crypt, deserves the attention of the mosaic floor of the 12th century.

The bell tower of the late 9th century, and a smaller apse of the Church belonged to a more ancient structure of the Romanesque period. Torre del Comune built together with the Basilica in the 15th century.


Abbey and Diocese of Bobbio

The diocese (Ebovium, of Bobium Dioecesis Eboviensis, of Bobiensis), which is suffragan to the Archiepiscopal See of Genoa, is coterminous with the civil district of Bobbio. This district is situated in the Province of Pavia and contains, besides Bobbio, its chief town, only two small villages and eighteen communes. The diocese was suppressed from 1803 to 1817, during which time it was annexed to Alexandria, then to Casala. Pius VII re-established it in 1818. Under Bishop Antonio Gianelli a congregation of priests was formed in 1839 under the title of Oblates of St. Alphonsus Liguori. They devote themselves especially to hearing confessions in prisons and hospitals, as well as to spreading good literature among the people. Bobbio also possesses a Congregation of Daughters of Mary, popularly known as Gianelliane.

GESKIEDENIS

The origin of the See of Bobbio, indeed of the town itself, is due to the establishment of a monastery here by the Irish saint, Columban, in 614. The Lombards, with other savage tribes, had invaded northern Italy under their leader Alboin in 568. A half-Arian, half-heathen horde, wherever they passed all the horrors of wanton destruction and cruelty marked their track. But at length the new barbarian ruler Agilulph, became less hostile and by degrees even not unfavorably disposed towards the Catholic Faith. Queen Theodelinda, whom he married in 590, was a fervent Catholic she had wonderful influence over her consort, and at last he was converted by the preaching of Columban. From the day of his baptism, Agilulph displayed great zeal for the conversion of his subjects, and for this purpose gave St. Columban a ruined church and devastated district known as Ebovium, which, before the Lombards seized it, had formed part of the Patrimony of St. Peter. Columban had set his heart on this secluded place, for while intent on instructing the Lombards he chose solitude for his monks and himself. By the side of this little church, which was dedicated to St. Peter, soon arose the walls of an abbey. Here the nucleus of what was to be the most celebrated library in Italy was formed by the Mss. which Columban had brought from Ireland and the treatises of which he himself was the author.

The sainted founder of Bobbio was laid to rest (23 November, 615), but his crosier passed into worthy hands. The names of St. Attala (627) and St. Bertulf (640) will live forever in ecclesiastical history. Both were conspicuous for holiness and learning, and both inherited Columban s apostolic spirit. It was indeed sorely needed, for a reaction towards Arianism set in, which became formidable under the Arian king, Rotharis (636-652). Arioald, the immediate predecessor of Rotharis, who became a Catholic, had before his conversion caused St. Bladulf, a monk of Bobbio, to be assassinated, because Bladulf would not salute him, as being an Arian. It is said that Attala restored Bladulf to life and delivered Arioald from a diabolical possession, the punishment of his crime and that this two-fold miracle led to Arioald's conversion. In 628, when St. Bertulf made a pilgrimage to Rome, Honorius I exempted Bobbio from episcopal jurisdiction, thus making the abbey immediately subject to the Holy See. Under the next abbot, Bobolen, the rule of St. Benedict was introduced. At first its observance was optional, but in e course of time it superseded the more austere rule hitherto in use, and Bobbio joined the Congregation of Monte Cassino. In 643, at the request of Rotharis and Queen Gundelberga, Pope Theodore I granted to the Abbot of Bobbio the use of the mitre and other pontificals. It has even been asserted that Bobbio had a bishop, named Peter Aldus, as early as the seventh century, but according to the best authorities (Ughelli, Gams, and others), the See of Bobbio was not founded till four centuries later, although recent investigation has shown that the name of its first bishop really was Peter Aldus (Savio, 158).

From the seventh century on, in the midst of widespread turmoil and ignorance, Bobbio remained a home of piety and culture. Through the efforts of St. Columban's disciples, increasing numbers of the Lombards were received into the Church. But during the first half of the seventh century, the large tract of country lying between Turin and Verona, Genoa and Milan, was m a very irreligious and disturbed state and even idolatry was not unknown. In fact not until the reign of the usurper Grimoald (663-673), himself a convert, was the bulk of the nation brought into the Church. But from that time Arianism disappeared in the West. The historians of the abbey regard as one of its chief glories the prominent part which it took in the final contest with this heresy. Theodelinda's nephew, the pious Arribert (653--663), restored all the lands of Bobbio which belonged by right to the Prince of the Apostles. Arribert II also gladly confirmed this restitution to John VII in 707. The unruly Lombards soon dispossessed the pope, but in 756 Aistulf was compelled by Pepin to give up the lands. In 774 Charlemagne made liberal grants to the Abbey. In 1153 Frederick Barbarossa confirmed by two charters various rights and possessions. Thus it came to pass that the abbots were for centuries entrusted with a large administration of temporals.

The fame of Bobbio reached the shores of Ireland, and the memory of Columban was dear to the hearts of his countrymen. Bobolen's successor was St. Comgall who had resigned his see in Ireland in order to become a monk of Bobbio St. Cummian who did the same died in the abbey about 730 (Holder-Egger in "Mon. Germ. Hist.") and the learned St. Dungal (d. after 827) bequeathed to the abbey his valuable library, consisting of some seventy volumes, among which was the famous "Antiphonary of Bangor ". A tenth-century catalogue, published by Muratori, shows that at that period every branch of knowledge, divine and human, was represented in this library. Many of the books have been lost, the rest have long since been dispersed and are still reckoned among the chief treasures of the later collections which possess them. In 1616 Cardinal Federigo Borromeo took for the Ambrosian Library of Milan eighty-six volumes, including the famous "Bobbio Missal", written about 911, the Antiphonary of Bangor", and the palimpsests of Ulfila's Gothic version of the Bible. Twenty-six volumes were given, in 1618, to Paul V for the Vatican Library. Many others were sent to Turin, where, besides those in the Royal Archives, there were seventy-one in the University Library until the disastrous fire of 26 January, 1904. As scholars of later ages have owed a great deal to the Bobbio manuscripts, so, too, did those of the tenth century. Gerard of Aurillac, for example, who was afterwards Pope Sylvester II, became Abbot of Bobbio in 982 and with the aid of the numerous ancient treatises which he found there he composed his celebrated work on geometry. And indeed it appears that at a time when Greek was almost unknown in western Europe, the Irish monks of Bobbio read Aristotle and Demosthenes in the original tongue.

In the year 1014, the Emperor Henry II, on the occasion of his own coronation in Rome, obtained from Benedict VIII the erection of Bobbio as a see. Peter Aldus, its first bishop, had been Abbot of Bobbio since 999, and his episcopal successors for a long time lived in the abbey, where many of them had been monks. According to Ughelli and others, Bobbio was made a suffragan see of Genoa in 1133 but Savio finds this subordination mentioned for the first time in a Bull of Alexander III, dated 19 April, 1161. From time to time disputes arose between the bishop and the monks, and in 1199 Innocent III issued two Bulls, restoring the abbey in spirituals and temporals, and empowering the bishop to depose an abbot if within a certain time he did not obey.


Attractions in Bobbio

Saint Columbanus Abbey

The Saint Columbanus abbey is a large complex but only a few areas are open to the public. The ground floor corridor, the yard, and the main cloister can be explored by visitors. The abbey is also home to the Abbey museum which has an impressive collection of artworks and objects that date back to the Renaissance, Medieval and Roman age. The Town Museum is also located in the complex.

Hills over Bobbio

Basilica of Saint Columbanus, Bobbio

The Basilica of Saint Columbanus was originally built in the 15 th century over the remains of an old 10th-century church. The interior of the basilica is extremely beautiful with nave frescoes dating back to the 16th century. There is a 15th-century gothic wooden choir, a 12th-century mosaic, a marble sarcophagus dating back to the 15th century, two marble tombstones, and a beautiful 12th-century gate.

Main Square in Bobbio

Malaspina Dal-Verme Castle

The castle was built in the 14 th century on a hill that overlooks the town. Over the centuries, the castle has been damaged many times and the remains of the castle, two small towers and the defense walls that still exist are open to visitors. The castle provides good views of the town and the surrounding landscape.

The Cathedral of Bobbio

The cathedral of Bobbio was originally built in the 11 th century and has two large towers. Much of the façade that visitors can see today dates back to the 15 th century and the three portals of the cathedral are done in the gothic style of architecture. The interior of the cathedral has three naves and beautiful 18th-century decorations. Saint John Chapel can be visited through the right transept where beautiful 15th-century frescoes of the Annunciation are done.

Stone buildings in Bobbio

The Old Bridge

The old bridge is 280 meters long and has eleven unequal arches. It is believed that the bridge dates back to the Roman age, however, it is first documented in 1196. The bridge is known by several different names, the Devil’s Bridge and the Hunchback Bridge due to its irregular shape. Several legends are attached to the origin of the bridge.

Cathedral in Bobbio

Getting to Bobbio

Bobbio is located 45 km from Piacenza. The best way to reach the town is by driving down visitors who have their own car can easily drive down to Bobbio. From Piacenza visitors can take the state highway 45 Piacenza-Genova to reach Bobbio. The landscape here is quite beautiful, the highway runs through the valley of the River and has some very beautiful views so driving down to the town is quite enjoyable. Along the road, visitors would also come across several small villages.

Moving Around the Town

Bobbio is spread over an area of 106 sq km, but most areas can be explored on foot. The churches, monuments and the important attractions are all concentrated close to the center of the town so it is easy to visit most attractions on foot. Those who have their own car can also visit the other parts of the town by car. The locals mainly use the state buses for commuting so visitors can use them as well if they do not have a car.

Stay and Accommodation

Bobbio is quite a small town and although many visitors come to the nearby Trebbia River, there aren’t many good hotels in the town. Most visitors come to Bobbia as a day excursion for Piacenza and the nearby towns and do not generally spend a night in the town. There are only a handful of farm houses and old country homes on the outskirts of the town that are available on rent to visitors. Most good hotels are located in the nearby centers of Piacenza and Pavia so visitors can stay there and visit Bobbio during the day. There are a few B&B in the town like B&B San Nicola and B&B Dar Dom where visitors can stay.

Bobbio River

Eating in Bobbio

Although there aren’t many hotels in the town, there are plenty of options in terms of restaurants and pizzerias. Bobbio has quite a lot of good places to dine out where visitors can find simple Italian dishes made from local ingredients, good quality olive oil and local cheese varieties. Good wines are available almost everywhere and there are also a few places where visitors can try traditional desserts and pastries. Some of the best restaurants in Bobbio are Ristorante II Vecchio Mulino, Entoca San Nicola, Ristorante Ra Ca Longa, Ristorante La Scarpone, Ristorante Replica and Ristorante Locanda Nobili.

Shopping in Bobbio

There are only a few places in Bobbio where visitors can shop. The local old market where visitors shop for their daily requirements is the best place to shop. There are a few good shops that sell terracotta pottery and artifacts in the older section of the town. Apart from this visitors can also purchase locally made fabrics, textiles and food items. The best things to purchase in Bobbio are cheese, olive oil and local wine.


Bible Encyclopedias

The diocese (Ebovium, of Bobium Dioecesis Eboviensis, of Bobiensis), which is suffragan to the Archiepiscopal See of Genoa, is coterminous with the civil district of Bobbio. This district is situated in the Province of Pavia and contains, besides Bobbio, its chief town, only two small villages and eighteen communes. The diocese was suppressed from 1803 to 1817, during which time it was annexed to Alexandria, then to Casala. Pius VII re-established it in 1818. Under Bishop Antonio Gianelli a congregation of priests was formed in 1839 under the title of Oblates of St. Alphonsus Liguori. They devote themselves especially to hearing confessions in prisons and hospitals, as well as to spreading good literature among the people. Bobbio also possesses a Congregation of Daughters of Mary, popularly known as Gianelliane.

The origin of the See of Bobbio, indeed of the town itself, is due to the establishment of a monastery here by the Irish saint, Columban, in 614. The Lombards, with other savage tribes, had invaded northern Italy under their leader Alboin in 568. A half-Arian, half-heathen horde, wherever they passed all the horrors of wanton destruction and cruelty marked their track. But at length the new barbarian ruler Agilulph, became less hostile and by degrees even not unfavorably disposed towards the Catholic Faith. Queen Theodelinda, whom he married in 590, was a fervent Catholic she had wonderful influence over her consort, and at last he was converted by the preaching of Columban. From the day of his baptism, Agilulph displayed great zeal for the conversion of his subjects, and for this purpose gave St. Columban a ruined church and devastated district known as Ebovium, which, before the Lombards seized it, had formed part of the Patrimony of St. Peter. Columban had set his heart on this secluded place, for while intent on instructing the Lombards he chose solitude for his monks and himself. By the side of this little church, which was dedicated to St. Peter, soon arose the walls of an abbey. Here the nucleus of what was to be the most celebrated library in Italy was formed by the Mss. which Columban had brought from Ireland and the treatises of which he himself was the author.

The sainted founder of Bobbio was laid to rest (23 November, 615), but his crosier passed into worthy hands. The names of St. Attala (627) and St. Bertulf (640) will live forever in ecclesiastical history. Both were conspicuous for holiness and learning, and both inherited Columban's apostolic spirit. It was indeed sorely needed, for a reaction towards Arianism set in, which became formidable under the Arian king, Rotharis (636-652). Arioald, the immediate predecessor of Rotharis, who became a Catholic, had before his conversion caused St. Bladulf, a monk of Bobbio, to be assassinated, because Bladulf would not salute him, as being an Arian. It is said that Attala restored Bladulf to life and delivered Arioald from a diabolical possession, the punishment of his crime and that this two-fold miracle led to Arioald's conversion. In 628, when St. Bertulf made a pilgrimage to Rome, Honorius I exempted Bobbio from episcopal jurisdiction, thus making the abbey immediately subject to the Holy See. Under the next abbot, Bobolen, the rule of St. Benedict was introduced. At first its observance was optional, but in e course of time it superseded the more austere rule hitherto in use, and Bobbio joined the Congregation of Monte Cassino. In 643, at the request of Rotharis and Queen Gundelberga, Pope Theodore I granted to the Abbot of Bobbio the use of the mitre and other pontificals. It has even been asserted that Bobbio had a bishop, named Peter Aldus, as early as the seventh century, but according to the best authorities (Ughelli, Gams, and others), the See of Bobbio was not founded till four centuries later, although recent investigation has shown that the name of its first bishop really was Peter Aldus (Savio, 158).

From the seventh century on, in the midst of widespread turmoil and ignorance, Bobbio remained a home of piety and culture. Through the efforts of St. Columban's disciples, increasing numbers of the Lombards were received into the Church. But during the first half of the seventh century, the large tract of country lying between Turin and Verona, Genoa and Milan, was in a very irreligious and disturbed state and even idolatry was not unknown. In fact not until the reign of the usurper Grimoald (663-673), himself a convert, was the bulk of the nation brought into the Church. But from that time Arianism disappeared in the West. The historians of the abbey regard as one of its chief glories the prominent part which it took in the final contest with this heresy. Theodelinda's nephew, the pious Arribert (653--663), restored all the lands of Bobbio which belonged by right to the Prince of the Apostles. Arribert II also gladly confirmed this restitution to John VII in 707. The unruly Lombards soon dispossessed the pope, but in 756 Aistulf was compelled by Pepin to give up the lands. In 774 Charlemagne made liberal grants to the Abbey. In 1153 Frederick Barbarossa confirmed by two charters various rights and possessions. Thus it came to pass that the abbots were for centuries entrusted with a large administration of temporals.

The fame of Bobbio reached the shores of Ireland, and the memory of Columban was dear to the hearts of his countrymen. Bobolen's successor was St. Comgall who had resigned his see in Ireland in order to become a monk of Bobbio St. Cummian who did the same died in the abbey about 730 (Holder-Egger in "Mon. Germ. Hist.") and the learned St. Dungal (d. after 827) bequeathed to the abbey his valuable library, consisting of some seventy volumes, among which was the famous "Antiphonary of Bangor". A tenth-century catalogue, published by Muratori, shows that at that period every branch of knowledge, divine and human, was represented in this library. Many of the books have been lost, the rest have long since been dispersed and are still reckoned among the chief treasures of the later collections which possess them. In 1616 Cardinal Federigo Borromeo took for the Ambrosian Library of Milan eighty-six volumes, including the famous "Bobbio Missal", written about 911, the Antiphonary of Bangor", and the palimpsests of Ulfila's Gothic version of the Bible. Twenty-six volumes were given, in 1618, to Paul V for the Vatican Library. Many others were sent to Turin, where, besides those in the Royal Archives, there were seventy-one in the University Library until the disastrous fire of 26 January, 1904. As scholars of later ages have owed a great deal to the Bobbio manuscripts, so, too, did those of the tenth century. Gerard of Aurillac, for example, who was afterwards Pope Sylvester II, became Abbot of Bobbio in 982 and with the aid of the numerous ancient treatises which he found there he composed his celebrated work on geometry. And indeed it appears that at a time when Greek was almost unknown in western Europe, the Irish monks of Bobbio read Aristotle and Demosthenes in the original tongue.

In the year 1014, the Emperor Henry II, on the occasion of his own coronation in Rome, obtained from Benedict VIII the erection of Bobbio as a see. Peter Aldus, its first bishop, had been Abbot of Bobbio since 999, and his episcopal successors for a long time lived in the abbey, where many of them had been monks. According to Ughelli and others, Bobbio was made a suffragan see of Genoa in 1133 but Savio finds this subordination mentioned for the first time in a Bull of Alexander III, dated 19 April, 1161. From time to time disputes arose between the bishop and the monks, and in 1199 Innocent III issued two Bulls, restoring the abbey in spirituals and temporals, and empowering the bishop to depose an abbot if within a certain time he did not obey.

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